James Lewis

The novel As I Lay Dying written by the ace William Faulkner is a living tribute to the contributory role of the writer in his individual capacity and of the wider south to the American literature community. In addition to the various distinguishing attributes of the novel, the writer adopts a unique style of discontinuity that embraces a stream of consciousness as his main tool to lavish the narration in the novel.
So remarkable is the work that William Faulkner blazing with admiration and satisfaction described it as a “tour de force.” In retrospect it can be said that for good reasons the writer did not only successfully carve a sense of personal aggrandizement for his ego, but also achieved a multiple effect of permanently silencing the skeptics who entertained ages of deep seated doubts about the literary capabilities of the south. Undoubtedly, there are good justifiable grounds to accord the novel and its writer the praises of liberation, since the hitherto contemptuous state in which the southern literary elite were being scorned was nonetheless disdainful.
In a mastery style the novelist tells the story by using 15 different narrators spanning fifty nine chapters along the plot of the novel. Essentially, the story though bearing much resemblance with a tragic tale, it however awakens the series of reverberating themes that captured southern people according to the novel. Critically following the story line, the writer challenges the traditional stereotype that underpins or what the rest say defines their language, political standing, economic, civil rights and the subtle subject of slavery. The dilemma becomes crystallized as questions such as the real symbolism of the south in the history of the American literature growth with all its varied transitions begin to take centre stage.
As the story progresses we read of how, William Faulkner manipulates Addie Bundren, a principal character in the story to serve his intended purpose. The picture of a dying woman in the opening parts of the novel, making a request for a special burial place for her mortal remains is by all standards very striking and awakes curious emotions. Viewed superficially, what appears to be a noble request from a weak spouse to a supposedly loving husband is definitely well intentioned. On the contrary, the lead character during her hey days was not an ardent symbol of righteousness. Whether by her own machinations or external pressure she definitely left an impervious stain to her reputation by dint of her infidelity. Naturally, she understood, either covertly or overtly that she was the target of a secret indignation primarily from her husband and by extension her disfavored children. Upon a careful scheming she resorts to the unorthodox method of taking her pound of flesh from her supposed detractors by requesting to be buried in Jefferson her native home.

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Unlike revolutionary movements that can bring radical change in relatively short periods of time, reform movements aim at establishing long-lasting change. A long but steady period of change enables the action to last longer and to have a more lasting effect than revolution, which can be counteracted just as quickly and is often tempestuous and fickle.
In America, many reform movements have been established to bring about change in many social areas. The Labor reform seeks to establish equality between workers and managers and provide workers with security. Educational reform sought to bring about changes in academic curriculum and provide education to a broader number of children. More momentous was Women’s Suffrage which aimed at giving women equal rights in voting, education, and in many civil matters. This reform for women’s equality is still happening today, a testament to the lasting change Women’s Suffrage has enabled. Likewise, abolition and racial reform has stimulated continual change in the ways that minority groups are treated and in their civil rights. These reforms continue and although they are not radical, the accomplishments are far greater than any single revolution might have been.
Reform movements often have excessively utopian foundations and are aimed at gradual, lasting social change. These movements seek out ways to make an idealized model a reality by progressively adapting ways to alter the current status quo. Because many of these are peaceful and the struggle is so long lasting, the eventual impact is far more advanced and grounded than a revolution would be. Because revolutions tend to have many dissenters that can act as a strong opposition, reformists quell the opposition by making changes so gradual they are almost unnoticed. The changes are therefore more widely accepted without contest. This enables reform movements to be successful.

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To illustrate how a firm can maximize its profit through the efficient use of the factors of production available to it, I will consider the case of a hypothetical firm called Tiza Enterprise. This firm in question specialises in the production of food and beverage products for a local market. In order to lucidly explain this concept my essay will be built on a few foundational assumptions such as the principle of scarcity and opportunity cost.
Within the scope of this essay opportunity cost will be narrowed down to the task of making choices between a list of competing alternative choices of the factors of production measured against the cost factor in any of the choices to be made.
Explicit and implicit cost factors have been provided for in the operational and organizational structure of Tiza Enterprise.
The managers of Tiza Enterprise are not also oblivious of the fact that they are operating in a highly competitive industry which makes it imperative for them not to compromise on maintaining and possibly improving both economic and technological efficiency principles in their quest to minimize cost whilst maximizing profit.
Labour is an important cost factor, which can be manipulated with competitent managerial expertise to achieve the goals of the firm. To this end, in deciding on the firm’s labour hiring policy, Tiza enterprise hires the quantity of labour that is tantamount to the marginal revenue product and marginal factor costs in direct consonance with the going factor market price. Take for instance, the current going factor market price is $15 then Tiza Enterprise hires labour in an incremental system until marginal revenue product reaches $15. At this point it can be conveniently said that Tiza Enterprise has gone beyond the break-even level and now achieving a harmony between factor price and marginal revenue product and is thus operating efficiently.

argumentative essay

“Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world,
and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people.”
-Karl Marx
During a period in which masses of people clung to religion and believed in its power of salvation and the existence of a heavenly afterlife, German philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche was making waves with his theories that religion and Christianity are nothing more than the “opiate for the masses.” Nietzsche denounced Christianity on the basis of its contradiction to human nature and in many of his discourses, explained why religion was a backwards way of thinking and faulty in its concepts. His “transvaluation of values” was among these theories that Nietzsche elaborated upon in his book titled “The Antichrist”. In this philosophical work, he explains why religion and especially Christianity is a mistaken way of thinking that goes against human nature by comparing it against other religions and using basic understandings of philosophy, logic, and human evolution.
Firstly, Nietzsche lays the foundation for what he believes to be “good” and what must therefore be “bad.” In his personal morality system, he defines “good” as anything that “heightens the feeling of power, the will to power, and power itself,”(Nietzsche, 1895). He then proceeds to explain that bad is anything that promotes or encourages weakness. He explained that religion has bred a race that is fearful, weak and morally ill, encouraging followers to believe that traits of weakness and humility are favored. Nietzsche derides Christianity for numbing peoples’ human instincts and encouraging them to prefer ideas that go against it.
Nietzsche’s concepts are based on the foundation that religious ideas are an inverted perception of nature and the way things are fundamentally meant to be. When looking at evolutionary theories such as Darwinism, religion contradicts the basic idea of survival of the strong and fittest. It does so by proposing that traits such as humility, weakness and pity should be held above natural characteristics of survival such as strength, power and force. Indeed religions such as Christianity and Catholicism uphold those who are weak over those who are strong, and encourage weakness and meekness over virility and energy.
In Christianity’s embrace of the pity and their supporting of pity as a value, they have in turn led people who are easily depressed and low in vitality. Pity allows the weak to survive, a concept that contradicts the essence of human evolution wherein only the strong and vivacious survive. Nietzsche thought that “pity multiplies misery and conserves all that is miserable” (Nietzsche, 1895).

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Jeаnnette Wаlls grew up with pаrents whose ideаls аnd obstinаte eccentricity were both their blight аnd their escаpe. Rex аnd Rose Mаry Wаlls hаd four children. In the beginning, they lived like migrаnts, moving аmong Southwest desert towns, cаmping in the mountаins. Rex wаs а mаgnetic, rаdiаnt mаn who, when аbstemious, cаptured his children’s thoughts, coаching them physics, geology, аnd аbove аll, how to hold in your аrms one’s life courаgeously. Rose Mаry, who pаinted аnd wrote аnd couldn’t stаnd the аccountаbility of а condition thаt for her fаmily, cаlled herself аn “exhilаrаtion fаnаtic.” Cooking something to eаt thаt would be frenzied in fifteen minutes hаd no demаnd when she could mаke а pаinting thаt might lаst eternаlly.
Wаlls, who spent yeаrs trying to hide her childhood experiences, аllows the story to spill out in this remаrkаble recollection of growing up. From her current perspective аs а contributor to MSN?C online, she remembers the poverty, hunger, jokes, аnd bullying she аnd her siblings endured, аnd she looks bаck аt her pаrents: her flighty, self-indulgent mother, а Pollyаnnа unwilling to аssume the responsibilities of pаrenting, аnd her fаther, troubled, brilliаnt Rex, whose аbility to turn his fаmily’s downwаrd spirаling circumstаnces into аdventures аllowed his children to excuse his imperfections until they grew old enough to understаnd whаt he hаd done to them—аnd to himself. His grаnd plаns to build а home for the fаmily never evolved: the hole for the foundаtion of the “The Glаss Cаstle,” аs the dreаm house wаs cаlled becаme the fаmily gаrbаge dump, аnd, of course, а metаphor for Rex Wаlls’ life. Shocking, sаd, аnd occаsionаlly bitter, this grаcefully written аccount speаks cаndidly, yet with surprising аffection, аbout pаrents аnd аbout the strength of fаmily ties—for both good аnd ill.
Jeаnnette Wаlls begins her memoirs with а poignаnt moment аs she rides in а tаxi to аn event in New York City, аnd spots her homeless mother digging through the trаsh bins. This memoir is one you will hаve trouble putting down. You will feel you аre right there with Wаlls аs you reаd through her growing yeаrs, аs she survived а set of pаrents who, despite their intelligence, were bаrely аble to cаre for themselves let аlone four children. Wаlls’ first memory is thаt of being on fire from trying to cook hotdogs, аt the аge of three.
Her fаther would rouse them in the middle of the night to “pull up stаkes” аnd they would pаck their meаger belongings аnd heаd out to wherever they might end up. They were doing the “skedаddle”, аs her dаd would sаy, to аvoid the people who were аfter them. They moved from plаce to plаce, sleeping outside, in their cаr, in shаcks in the desert towns of the southwest.

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